Praise the Lord He has given simple folk like me access to those men and organisations that believe His Word and are able to explain the sciences, such as biology, in light of Biblical creation. This is a portion of an article from the Institute for Creation Research and is just another apologetic for our Creator.
‘For more than a century, biologists have appealed to Darwinian natural selection to explain how living organisms adapt to different environments. But research over the last several decades has consistently dethroned Darwin’s view of natural selection. Rather than corroborating the concept that environments mold creatures through “survival of the fittest,” the research supports the astonishing idea that to a great extent creatures actively sense their environments and adapt accordingly.
Recent discoveries indicate that something radical and impressive is happening. Adaptation is a result of brilliant biological engineering rather than trial-and-error death and survival, which flips the mechanism of adaptation completely on its head. This approach views biological adaptation as primarily occurring through internal mechanisms (the ability to actively sense the environment and adapt) rather than external influence (the environment molds creatures through Darwinian natural selection).
Abundant evidence can be found that creatures actively sense their environments and responsively adapt. Many such adaptations occur within one generation or less, which is far too rapid for Darwin’s notion of trial-and-error natural selection. Here are only a few examples of what studies have shown:
• A species of carp expeditiously changed its morphology in the presence of predators. These changes made the carps’ bodies more difficult to devour and increased their speed and acceleration.2
• A study of over 1,000 pythons and boas demonstrated that they expressed similar traits to adapt to their environments, with no recorded mutations.3
• Certain populations of mice vary their tail lengths in response to eastern or western prairies and forests. This appears to happen by specific genetic mechanisms—not mutations.4
• Clutches of eggs for various reptiles sense environmental temperature and sand content and produce different ratios of male and female. The changes occur after the eggs are laid and are not a result of mutations. Specific sensors for this process were discovered in 2015.5
• When a certain species of sighted river fish lays eggs in a cave environment, the larvae indirectly sense the cave environment and produce fish with greater eye and orbit size variations. No inactivating mutation in regulatory genes have been identified.’6
1. Cabej, N. R. 2013. Building the Most Complex Structure on Earth: An Epigenetic Narrative of Development and Evolution of Animals. New York: Elsevier Publishing, 200; McNew, S. M. et al. 2017. Epigenetic variation between urban and rural populations of Darwin’s finches. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17: 183; Skinner, M. K. et al. 2014. Epigenetics and the Evolution of Darwin’s Finches. Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (8): 1972-1989.
2. Stabell, O. B. and M. S. Lwin. 1997. Predator-induced phenotypic changes in crucian carp are caused by chemical signals for conspecifics. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 49 (1): 139-144.
3. Esquerré, D. and J. S. Keogh. 2016. Parallel selective pressures drive convergent diversification of phenotypes in pythons and boas. Ecology Letters. 19 (7): 800-809.
4. Kingsley, E. P. et al. 2017. The ultimate and proximate mechanisms driving the evolution of long tails in forest deer mice. Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution. 71 (2): 261-273.
5. Yatsu, R. et al. 2015. TRPV4 associates environmental temperature and sex determination in the American alligator. Science Reports. 5: 18581.
6. Rohner, N. et al. 2013. Cryptic Variation in Morphological Evolution: HSP90 as a Capacitor for Loss of Eyes in Cavefish. Science. 342 (6164): 1372-1375; Gore, A. V. et al. 2018. An epigenetic mechanism for cavefish eye degeneration. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (7): 1155-1160. https://www.icr.org/article/exploring-adaptation-from-engineering-perspective/